use crate::{
    blocking::DefaultMutex,
    loom::cell::{MutPtr, UnsafeCell},
    util::fmt,
};
use core::{
    marker::PhantomData,
    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
};

pub use mutex_traits::{RawMutex, ScopedRawMutex};

/// A blocking mutual exclusion lock for protecting shared data.
/// Each mutex has a type parameter which represents
/// the data that it is protecting. The data can only be accessed through the
/// RAII guards returned from [`lock`] and [`try_lock`], or within the closures
/// passed to [`with_lock`] and [`try_with_lock`], which guarantees that
/// the data is only ever accessed when the mutex is locked.
///
/// # Fairness
///
/// This is *not* a fair mutex.
///
/// # Overriding mutex implementations
///
/// This type is generic over a `Lock` type parameter which represents a raw
/// mutex implementation. By default, this is the [`DefaultMutex`]. To construct
/// a new `Mutex` with an alternative raw mutex implementation, use the
/// [`Mutex::new_with_raw_mutex`] cosntructor. See the [module-level documentation
/// on overriding mutex
/// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
/// more details.
///
/// When `Lock` implements the [`RawMutex`] trait, the [`Mutex`] type provides
/// the [`lock`] and [`try_lock`] methods, which return a RAII [`MutexGuard`],
/// similar to the [`std::sync::Mutex`] API, in addition to the scoped
/// [`with_lock`] and  [`try_with_lock`] methods. When `Lock` only implements
/// [`ScopedRawMutex`], the [`Mutex`] type provides only the scoped
/// [`with_lock`] and  [`try_with_lock`] methods.
///
/// :warning: Note that [`DefaultMutex`] does *not* implement `RawMutex`, so
/// using the [`lock`] and [`try_lock`] RAII API requires selecting an
/// alternative [`RawMutex`] implementation.
///
/// # Loom-specific behavior
///
/// When `cfg(loom)` is enabled, this mutex will use Loom's simulated atomics,
/// checked `UnsafeCell`, and simulated spin loop hints.
///
/// [`lock`]: Mutex::lock
/// [`try_lock`]: Mutex::try_lock
/// [`with_lock`]: Mutex::with_lock
/// [`try_with_lock`]: Mutex::try_with_lock
/// [`std::sync::Mutex`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/sync/struct.Mutex.html
pub struct Mutex<T, Lock = DefaultMutex> {
    lock: Lock,
    data: UnsafeCell<T>,
}

/// An RAII implementation of a "scoped lock" of a mutex. When this structure is
/// dropped (falls out of scope), the lock will be unlocked.
///
/// The data protected by the mutex can be accessed through this guard via its
/// [`Deref`] and [`DerefMut`] implementations.
///
/// This structure is created by the [`lock`] and [`try_lock`] methods on
/// [`Mutex`].
///
/// [`lock`]: Mutex::lock
/// [`try_lock`]: Mutex::try_lock
#[must_use = "if unused, the `Mutex` will immediately unlock"]
pub struct MutexGuard<'a, T, Lock: RawMutex> {
    ptr: MutPtr<T>,
    lock: &'a Lock,
    _marker: PhantomData<Lock::GuardMarker>,
}

impl<T> Mutex<T> {
    loom_const_fn! {
        /// Returns a new `Mutex` protecting the provided `data`.
        ///
        /// The returned `Mutex` is in an unlocked state, ready for use.
        ///
        /// This constructor returns a mutex that uses the [`DefaultMutex`]
        /// implementation. To use an alternative `RawMutex` type, use the
        /// [`new_with_raw_mutex`](Self::new_with_raw_mutex) constructor, instead.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use maitake_sync::blocking::Mutex;
        ///
        /// let mutex = Mutex::new(0);
        /// ```
        #[must_use]
        pub fn new(data: T) -> Self {
            Self {
                lock: DefaultMutex::new(),
                data: UnsafeCell::new(data),
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> Mutex<T, Lock> {
    loom_const_fn! {
        /// Returns a new `Mutex` protecting the provided `data`, using
        /// `lock` type parameter as the raw mutex implementation.
        ///
        /// See the [module-level documentation on overriding mutex
        /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
        /// more details.
        ///
        /// The returned `Mutex` is in an unlocked state, ready for use.
        #[must_use]
        pub fn new_with_raw_mutex(data: T, lock: Lock) -> Self {
            Self {
                lock,
                data: UnsafeCell::new(data),
            }
        }
    }

    /// Consumes this `Mutex`, returning the guarded data.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
        self.data.into_inner()
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.
    ///
    /// Since this call borrows the `Mutex` mutably, no actual locking needs to
    /// take place -- the mutable borrow statically guarantees no locks exist.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// let mut lock = maitake_sync::blocking::Mutex::new(0);
    /// lock.with_lock(|data| *data = 10);
    /// assert_eq!(*lock.get_mut(), 10);
    /// ```
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        unsafe {
            // Safety: since this call borrows the `Mutex` mutably, no actual
            // locking needs to take place -- the mutable borrow statically
            // guarantees no locks exist.
            self.data.with_mut(|data| &mut *data)
        }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock: ScopedRawMutex> Mutex<T, Lock> {
    /// Lock this `Mutex`, blocking if it is not currently unlocked, and call
    /// `f()` with the locked data once the lock is acquired.
    ///
    /// When the `Mutex` is unlocked, this method locks it, calls `f()` with the
    /// data protected by the `Mutex`, and then unlocks the `Mutex` and returns
    /// the result of `f()`. If the `Mutex` is locked, this method blocks until
    /// it is unlocked, and then takes the lock.
    ///
    /// To return immediately rather than blocking, use [`Mutex::try_with_lock`]
    /// instead.
    ///
    /// This method is available as long as the `Mutex`'s `Lock` type parameter
    /// implements the [`ScopedRawMutex`] trait. See the [module-level
    /// documentation on overriding mutex
    /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
    /// more details.
    #[track_caller]
    pub fn with_lock<U>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut T) -> U) -> U {
        self.lock.with_lock(|| {
            self.data.with_mut(|data| unsafe {
                // Safety: we just locked the mutex.
                f(&mut *data)
            })
        })
    }

    /// Attempt to lock this `Mutex` without blocking and call `f()` with the
    /// locked data if the lock is acquired.
    ///
    /// If the `Mutex` is unlocked, this method locks it, calls `f()` with the
    /// data protected by the `Mutex`, and then unlocks the `Mutex` and returns
    /// [`Some`]`(U)`. Otherwise, if the lock is already held, this method
    /// returns `None` immediately, without blocking.
    ///
    /// To block until the `Mutex` is unlocked instead of returning `None`, use
    /// [`Mutex::with_lock`] instead.
    ///
    /// This method is available as long as the `Mutex`'s `Lock` type parameter
    /// implements the [`ScopedRawMutex`] trait. See the [module-level
    /// documentation on overriding mutex
    /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
    /// more details.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// - [`Some`]`(U)` if the lock was acquired, containing the result of
    ///   `f()`.
    /// - [`None`] if the lock is currently held and could not be acquired
    ///   without blocking.
    #[track_caller]
    pub fn try_with_lock<U>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut T) -> U) -> Option<U> {
        self.lock.try_with_lock(|| {
            self.data.with_mut(|data| unsafe {
                // Safety: we just locked the mutex.
                f(&mut *data)
            })
        })
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> Mutex<T, Lock>
where
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    fn guard(&self) -> MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock> {
        MutexGuard {
            ptr: self.data.get_mut(),
            lock: &self.lock,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this lock without blocking
    ///
    /// If the lock could not be acquired at this time, then [`None`] is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned. The lock will be unlocked when the
    /// guard is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function will never block.
    ///
    /// This method is only availble if the `Mutex`'s `Lock` type parameter
    /// implements the [`RawMutex`] trait. See the [module-level documentation
    /// on overriding mutex
    /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
    /// more details.
    #[must_use]
    #[cfg_attr(test, track_caller)]
    pub fn try_lock(&self) -> Option<MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>> {
        if self.lock.try_lock() {
            Some(self.guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Acquires a mutex, blocking until it is locked.
    ///
    /// This function will block until the mutex is available to lock. Upon
    /// returning, the thread is the only thread with the lock
    /// held. An RAII guard is returned to allow scoped unlock of the lock. When
    /// the guard goes out of scope, the mutex will be unlocked.
    ///
    /// This method is only availble if the `Mutex`'s `Lock` type parameter
    /// implements the [`RawMutex`] trait. See the [module-level documentation
    /// on overriding mutex
    /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
    /// more details.
    #[cfg_attr(test, track_caller)]
    pub fn lock(&self) -> MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock> {
        self.lock.lock();
        self.guard()
    }

    /// Forcibly unlock the mutex.
    ///
    /// If a lock is currently held, it will be released, regardless of who's
    /// holding it. Of course, this is **outrageously, disgustingly unsafe** and
    /// you should never do it.
    ///
    /// This method is only availble if the `Mutex`'s `Lock` type parameter
    /// implements the [`RawMutex`] trait. See the [module-level documentation
    /// on overriding mutex
    /// implementations](crate::blocking#overriding-mutex-implementations) for
    /// more details.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This deliberately violates mutual exclusion.
    ///
    /// Only call this method when it is _guaranteed_ that no stack frame that
    /// has previously locked the mutex will ever continue executing.
    /// Essentially, this is only okay to call when the kernel is oopsing and
    /// all code running on other cores has already been killed.
    pub unsafe fn force_unlock(&self) {
        self.lock.unlock()
    }
}

impl<T: Default, Lock: Default> Default for Mutex<T, Lock> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            lock: Default::default(),
            data: UnsafeCell::new(Default::default()),
        }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> fmt::Debug for Mutex<T, Lock>
where
    T: fmt::Debug,
    Lock: ScopedRawMutex,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.try_with_lock(|data| {
            f.debug_struct("Mutex")
                .field("data", data)
                .field("lock", &format_args!("{}", core::any::type_name::<Lock>()))
                .finish()
        })
        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
            f.debug_struct("Mutex")
                .field("data", &format_args!("<locked>"))
                .field("lock", &format_args!("{}", core::any::type_name::<Lock>()))
                .finish()
        })
    }
}

unsafe impl<T: Send, Lock: Send> Send for Mutex<T, Lock> {}
/// A `Mutex` is [`Sync`] if `T` is [`Send`] and `Lock` is [`Sync`].
///
/// `T` must be [`Send`] because shared references to the `Mutex` allow mutable
/// access to `T` (via a [`MutexGuard`] or [`Mutex::with_lock`]), which can be
/// used to move `T` between threads using [`core::mem::replace`] or similar.
/// `T` does **not** need to be [`Sync`], and, in fact, a `Mutex` is often used
/// to protect `!Sync` data.
///
/// The `Lock` type must be `Sync` because sharing references to a mutex
/// implicitly share references to the `Lock` type as well --- locking the mutex
/// references it.
unsafe impl<T: Send, Lock: Sync> Sync for Mutex<T, Lock> {}

// === impl MutexGuard ===

impl<T, Lock: RawMutex> Deref for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        unsafe {
            // Safety: we are holding the lock, so it is okay to dereference the
            // mut pointer.
            &*self.ptr.deref()
        }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock: RawMutex> DerefMut for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock> {
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
        unsafe {
            // Safety: we are holding the lock, so it is okay to dereference the
            // mut pointer.
            self.ptr.deref()
        }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock, R: ?Sized> AsRef<R> for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    T: AsRef<R>,
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    #[inline]
    fn as_ref(&self) -> &R {
        self.deref().as_ref()
    }
}

impl<T, Lock, R: ?Sized> AsMut<R> for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    T: AsMut<R>,
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    #[inline]
    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut R {
        self.deref_mut().as_mut()
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> Drop for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    #[inline]
    #[cfg_attr(test, track_caller)]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        unsafe { self.lock.unlock() }
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> fmt::Debug for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    T: fmt::Debug,
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.deref().fmt(f)
    }
}

impl<T, Lock> fmt::Display for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    T: fmt::Display,
    Lock: RawMutex,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.deref().fmt(f)
    }
}

/// A [`MutexGuard`] is only [`Send`] if:
///
/// 1. the protected data (`T`) is `Send`, because the guard may be used to
///    mutably access the protected data, and can therefore be used to move it
///    using [`core::mem::replace`] or similar.
/// 2. the `Lock` type parameter is [`Sync`], because the guard contains a
///    reference to the `Lock` type, and therefore, sending the guard is sharing
///    a reference to the `Lock`.
/// 3. the `Lock` type's [`RawMutex::GuardMarker`] associated type is [`Send`],
///    because this indicates that the `Lock` type agrees that guards may be
///    [`Send`].
unsafe impl<T, Lock> Send for MutexGuard<'_, T, Lock>
where
    T: Send,
    Lock: RawMutex + Sync,
    Lock::GuardMarker: Send,
{
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::loom::{self, thread};
    use crate::spin::Spinlock;
    use std::prelude::v1::*;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn multithreaded() {
        loom::model(|| {
            let mutex = Arc::new(Mutex::new_with_raw_mutex(String::new(), Spinlock::new()));
            let mutex2 = mutex.clone();

            let t1 = thread::spawn(move || {
                tracing::info!("t1: locking...");
                let mut lock = mutex2.lock();
                tracing::info!("t1: locked");
                lock.push_str("bbbbb");
                tracing::info!("t1: dropping...");
            });

            {
                tracing::info!("t2: locking...");
                let mut lock = mutex.lock();
                tracing::info!("t2: locked");
                lock.push_str("bbbbb");
                tracing::info!("t2: dropping...");
            }
            t1.join().unwrap();
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn try_lock() {
        loom::model(|| {
            let mutex = Mutex::new_with_raw_mutex(42, Spinlock::new());
            // First lock succeeds
            let a = mutex.try_lock();
            assert_eq!(a.as_ref().map(|r| **r), Some(42));

            // Additional lock failes
            let b = mutex.try_lock();
            assert!(b.is_none());

            // After dropping lock, it succeeds again
            ::core::mem::drop(a);
            let c = mutex.try_lock();
            assert_eq!(c.as_ref().map(|r| **r), Some(42));
        });
    }
}